Prevalence of fall and its associated factors among elderly population in India: Evidence from the Longitudinal Aging Study of India (LASI)

Abstract

Background
With the ageing population in India facing an increased risk of falls, understanding the detailed prevalence and nuanced risk factors is essential for developing effective prevention strategies. To assess the burden of falls and delineate associated risk factors among the elderly in India, leveraging data from the Longitudinal Aging Study of India (LASI).

Methods
This study analyzed LASI data from 2017-2019, focusing on individuals aged 60 and above. We assessed self-reported falls over the past two years and evaluated potential risk factors, including sociodemographic characteristics and chronic health conditions, through logistic regression models.

Results
Among 28,710 participants, the prevalence of falls was 11.43%. Detailed analysis revealed significant gender differences, with females (odds ratio = 1.31, p =0.000) experiencing more falls than males. The prevalence rates based on age groups indicated that individuals aged 80 and older were more prone to experiencing falls (odds ratio = 1.16, p = 0.011) in contrast to those aged between 60 and 69 years. Chronic conditions such as bone/joint diseases and vision problems markedly increased fall risk (aOR = 1.25 and aOR = 1.11, respectively). Notably, self-rated poor health emerged as a strong predictor for falls (aOR = 3.26), emphasizing the interplay of physical health and self-perception in fall risk.

Conclusion
The study identifies specific demographics and health conditions that significantly increase fall risk among India's elderly. Highlighting the disproportionate impact on females and the elderly above 80, alongside the critical role of self-rated health.