Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is a significant global public health problem, where early detection is essential for improving survival rates and effective treatment. The study sought to assess the determinants of Breast Self-Examination (BSE) among tertiary students in Northern Ghana.
Methods: The study employed a multi-institutional cross-sectional design to evaluate factors influencing BSE and related practices among female tertiary students. A test of association was conducted between demographic variables and attitude towards BSE at 95% confidence level with P≤0.05. The data were tested for normal distribution using transformed Attitude, knowledge and barriers scores; hence non parametric analysis was adopted since it was not normally distributed. Spearman correlation was also conducted to determine the strength of attitude, knowledge, and barriers at p≤0.05.
Results: The study found that majority of the students (89%) had a positive attitude towards BSE, with 94.4% considering it important for early cancer detection. Additionally, 91.3% had been educated on breast cancer and BSE, and most believed that early detection improves survival. However, barriers to screening were identified, including limited access to mammography (49.2%), discomfort with BSE (31.4%), and embarrassment or reluctance regarding mammograms (32.4%). Despite strong awareness and knowledge, the study highlights the need to address cultural and access barriers to improve breast cancer screening practices.
Conclusion: This study highlights a combination of socio-cultural, logistical, and personal barriers that hinder breast cancer screening practices. Addressing these barriers requires multifaceted interventions, including improved access to services, culturally sensitive education, and empowerment of healthcare providers and students to advocate for breast health. These findings align with previous studies and underscore the need for comprehensive strategies to enhance breast cancer awareness and screening in Ghana and beyond.
Keywords:
Determinants, breast cancer, self-breast examination, attitude, knowledge barriersReferences
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Copyright (c) 2025 Abukari Salifu, Ibrahim Abu Firdaus, Mohammed Amin Suaabirat, Abdallah Jalilatu, Musah Yasir Wunnam Andani, Mahamuda Abdul Wahid, Ruth Nimota Nukpezah, Alhassan Basour Adam, Sumani Abdul-Manan
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