Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a long-term condition affecting upwards of 422 million individuals worldwide and is linked to 1.5 million deaths each year, with rising prevalence due to insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production. Diabetes management requires patient adherence to self-care practices like nutrition, physical activity, and treatment. Despite proven benefits, long-term compliance remains low, raising concern among health professionals and researchers. The main purpose of this research was to evaluate self-care practices among diabetic patients visiting an Urban Health Training Centre in Mumbai.
Methods: This cross-sectional study carried out in a facility in December 2023, included 142 Type II Diabetics attending the Chronic OPD at the Urban Health Training Centre, Malvani, Mumbai, using the complete enumeration method. Interviews were conducted with patients to assess their diabetes condition and health management practices using “the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA)” Measurement scale, while Adherence to prescribed medications was evaluated through the “Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-4 (MMAS-4)”. Data was analyzed using SPSS software, version 23. The occurrence of self-care practices was presented as proportions, and ‘Chi-square’ tests were utilized to examine the associations between risk factors and the scores.
Results: Among 142 participants, 26.05% were male, and 73.94% were female, with a mean age of 53 years (SD 10.81). More females (21.90%) were widowed compared to males (8.10%). Males (54.05%) had diabetes for over 5 years. Uncontrolled diabetes was higher in females (44.76%), who also had more obesity (26.67%). Among self-care practices, adherence to medication was highest, with males reporting 81.08%. Adherence to medication was significantly associated with self-care practices.
Conclusion: The identified gaps in ‘self-care’ management among our study participants underscore the urgent requirement for integrating extensive diabetes management education within standard clinical routines.
Keywords:
Adherence, blood sugar, diabetes, self-care, IndiaReferences
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Copyright (c) 2025 Ramalakshmi CS, Vijaykumar Singh, Mridula J Solanki
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