Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major global health challenge, with increasing prevalence despite advancements in treatment. Recently, the gut microbiota's role in human metabolism, immunity, and disease processes, including CVD, has gained significant attention.
Objectives: This review seeks to elucidate the relationship between gut microorganisms and the development and progression of CVD.
Method: A comprehensive review was conducted, focusing on the significant microorganisms associated with CVD, the mechanisms through which the gut microbiome influences CVD, and the diagnostic modalities used to detect these microorganisms.
Results: CVD can arise from various infectious and non-infectious agents, with certain microorganisms being implicated in heart failure, atherosclerosis, and other cardiovascular conditions. Dysbiosis, or disruption of the gut microbiota, has been linked to increased inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis. Advanced molecular biology tools, such as PCR and next-generation sequencing, have proven effective in detecting microbial pathogens associated with CVD. The gut microbiome's interaction with the host occurs through various pathways, and disruptions in its composition or metabolites can contribute to CVD risks.
Conclusion: The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in modulating systemic immune responses and metabolic dysfunctions, contributing to CVD development. Understanding this relationship offers potential therapeutic targets and strategies for preventing and treating CVD. Future research should focus on specific microbial strains, microbiome-mediated metabolites, and personalized interventions to harness the gut microbiota's therapeutic potential.
Keywords:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), Gut microbiota, Dysbiosis, Atherosclerosis, Inflammation, Microbial pathogens, Diagnostic modalities, Next-generation sequencing (NGS), Metabolites, Therapeutic interventionsReferences
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