This manuscript focuses on the pros and cons of AI and ChatGPT. The articles for this review were searched on databases including EMBASE, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar. The keywords searched were “Artificial Intelligence”, “ChatGPT”, “Neuroanaesthesia”, “Neurocritical care”, and “Neurosurgery”. The authors performed an extensive review of the searched articles before draftingthis article.
ChatGPT
ChatGPT model (Open AI, San Francisco, CA, USA) is a variant of GPT (Generative Pre-Trained Transformer) designed for conversational interaction with the users. This chatbot was developed by Open AI and has been in use since 30th November 2022 [5]. ChatGPT is a kind of large language model (LLM) that can imitate language processing abilities just like humans. It employs deep learning techniques, such as neural networks, and extracts its knowledge from the enormous amounts of text data from various print and electronic data sources. This extensive training and learning techniques due to the large language models enable it to generate highly systematic and pragmatic manuscripts [6]. The upgraded version of ChatGPT which is ChatGPT 3.5 is popular due to its effective programming. It allows a human chatbox interface and provides human-like replies to typed questions. Further, it uses supervised, reinforcement and proximal policy optimisation techniques for its training. A mammoth data of 570 GB is the source of its information which is extracted from books, websites, Wikipedia and other text-based sources [7]. The advent of ChatGPT 4 in March 2023 became an icing on the cake, especially for physicians as it accepts visual inputs as well.
Efficacy
The ChatGPT app was able to defend its ballyhoo as it cleared three stages of the United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) [8]. GPT-3.5 (Codex and InstructGPT) could attain human-level performance on various datasets including USMLE (60.2%), PubMedQA (78.2%), and MedMCQA (57.5%). Talking specifically about the Anesthesiology questions, a study found that ChatGPT could correctly answer about 61.1% of multiple choice questions extracted from the Anesthesiology Examination and Board Review book, a resource book for preparing for board exams [9]. This study however found that it lacks consistency in providing scientifically acceptable explanations [10].
Applications
The ChatGPT can have a multitude of applications in the realm of Neuroanesthesia (Figure 1)
Figure 1: Figure highlighting the various applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and ChatGPT in Neuroanesthesia and Neurocritical care